Wheat Seed Per/kg
SEAB1
Climate:
- Best suited to Winter Production. Optimum Day Temperature 15–20°C with Cool Nights.
Soil:
- Well-drained Soils; Optimum pH 5.5–6.5 (CaCl₂). Good Physical, Chemical and Biological Condition.
Soil Conditioning:
- Apply lime according to Soil Analysis where required. Gypsum can improve Soil Structure and supply Calcium and Sulphur.
Planting Time:
- Winter Wheat: mid-April to last week of May; earlier in lowveld areas. Delayed Planting can reduce Yield by about 50 kg/ha/day after May.
Maturity:
- Approximately 125–140 days, depending on Variety, Altitude and Weather.
Plant Population:
- Target 220–250 Plants/m².
Seed Rate:
- Drilling: 110–125 kg/ha.
- Broadcasting: 125–135 kg/ha.
Water Requirement:
- Approximately 450–600 mm/ha over the Crop Cycle.
Establishment Irrigation:
- Soil should be at Field Capacity at Planting. Light Irrigation around 4–5 Days after Sowing may assist Emergence.
Hardening:
- Temporarily withhold Irrigation for approximately 10–14 Days, depending on Soil Type, to encourage Crown Roots and Tillering.
Fertiliser:
- General Guide: 300–500 kg/ha Compound Fertiliser plus 350–500 kg/ha Urea or Ammonium Nitrate, adjusted according to Soil Analysis and Yield Target.
N-P-K Requirement:
Approximately 160–190 kg N, 50–70 kg P and 30–50 kg K/ha.
Top Dressing:
- Apply after Hardening, generally 14–21 Days after Emergence on Heavier Soils; Sandy Soils may require Split Applications.
Protein:
- Premium Wheat requires at least 11% Protein; Nitrogen Management and Variety influence Grain Protein.
Weed Control:
- Use appropriate Post-Emergence Herbicides after the Hardening-Period Irrigation. Always follow Product Labels.
Pests:
- Monitor for Aphids, Stalk Borers, Fall Armyworm and Quelea Birds. Scout regularly and treat when economic thresholds are reached.
Diseases:
- Main concerns include Leaf Rust, Stem Rust, Powdery Mildew, Fusarium Head Blight and Take-All. Resistant varieties and Preventative Fungicide Programmes are recommended in Disease-prone Areas.
Last Irrigation:
- Stop Irrigation at physiological maturity when the peduncle/neck below the ear turns yellow. Late Irrigation can reduce Grain Quality and Encourage Pre-harvest Sprouting.
Harvest:
- Normally Combine Harvested on Large-scale Farms. Combines should be correctly adjusted to Minimise Harvest Losses.
Most Important Management Points:
1. Plant at the correct time.
2. Start with the Soil Profile at Field Capacity.
3. Maintain Good Establishment and Crown-Root Development.
4. Base Fertiliser and Soil-Conditioning Rates on Soil Analysis.
5. Monitor Irrigation, Weeds, Pests and Diseases throughout the Crop.
6. Avoid Unnecessary Irrigation during Grain Dry-Down.
7. Keep Irrigation and Crop-Management Records for Future Planning.
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